2024-03-07
There are two categories of batteries for electric vehicles, batteries and fuel cells. Batteries suitable for pure electric vehicles include lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, sodium-sulphur batteries, secondary lithium batteries, and air batteries. Among them, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries appeared earlier, and have generally been eliminated as battery types, and today's mainstream pure electric vehicles are basically lithium batteries, mainly including lithium cobalt acid batteries, such as Tesla products; lithium manganate batteries, such as Toyota Prius, Nissan Leaf; lithium iron phosphate batteries, such as BYD products, Zhinuo 1E, etc.
Lead acid battery is the most commonly used battery in new energy vehicles. The plate of lead-acid battery is a grid made of lead alloy, the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid, and the two plates are covered with lead sulfate. However, after charging, the lead sulphate on the plate at the positive electrode is converted to lead dioxide, and the lead sulphate at the negative electrode is converted to metallic lead. When the battery is discharged, a chemical reaction takes place in the opposite direction. The advantage of lead-acid batteries is that the electromotive force is more stable when discharged, the disadvantage is that the energy is low and the environment is corrosive.