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All-solid-state lithium batteries will significantly increase energy density and safety

2023-03-06

Most batteries consist of two solid electrochemically active layers, called electrodes, separated by a polymer film impregnated with a liquid or gel electrolyte. However, recent research has explored the possibility of an all-solid Maintenance Free Battery in which the liquid (potentially flammable) electrolyte would be replaced by a solid electrolyte, which improves the energy density and safety of the battery.
A team at MIT has now explored the mechanical properties of sulphide-based solid electrolyte materials for the first time to determine their mechanical properties when incorporated into a battery.

MIT students Frank McGrogan and Tushar Swamy announced their new findings in this week's issue of the journal Advanced Energy Materials ; Krystyn Van Vliet, professor of materials science and engineering; Mingqing Chen, professor of materials science and engineering; and four undergraduate students participated in the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) administered by the MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering and its Materials Processing Center.

lithium iron batteries for Folklifts

LiFePO4 Battery offer a lightweight energy storage solution that can be used in many of today's high-tech devices, from smartphones to electric cars. However, replacing the traditional liquid electrolyte with a solid electrolyte in such batteries offers significant advantages. For the same weight, these all-solid-state Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery offer greater energy storage capacity at the pack level. They also significantly eliminate the risk of tiny finger-like protrusions (known as "dendrites") that can grow through the electrolyte layer and cause short circuits.

"All-solid-state batteries are an attractive option in terms of performance and safety, but there are still some challenges," says Van Vliet. In the Lithium Polymer Battery that dominate the market today, lithium ions travel from one electrode to the other through a liquid electrolyte as the battery is charged and then flow in the opposite direction when it is in use.Van Vliet says: "These batteries are very efficient, but the liquid electrolyte is chemically unstable and even flammable." "So if the electrolyte is solid, it's safer and it's smaller and lighter." Most batteries consist of two solid electrochemically active layers, called electrodes, separated by a polymer film impregnated with a liquid or gel electrolyte. However, recent research has explored the possibility of an all-solid battery in which the liquid (and potentially flammable) electrolyte would be replaced by a solid electrolyte, which increases the energy density and safety of the battery.
An MIT team has now explored the mechanical properties of sulphide-based solid electrolyte materials for the first time to determine their mechanical properties when incorporated into a battery.
MIT students Frank McGrogan and Tushar Swamy announced their new findings in this week's issue of the journal Advanced Energy Materials ; Krystyn Van Vliet, professor of materials science and engineering; Mingqing Chen, professor of materials science and engineering; and four undergraduate students participated in the National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) administered by the MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering and its Materials Processing Center.
Lithium-ion batteries offer a lightweight energy storage solution that can be used in many of today's high-tech devices, from smartphones to electric cars. However, replacing the traditional liquid electrolyte with a solid electrolyte in such batteries offers significant advantages. For the same weight, these all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries offer greater energy storage capacity at the pack level. They also significantly eliminate the risk of tiny finger-like protrusions (called "dendrites") that can grow through the electrolyte layer and cause short circuits.

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